Production of secondary metabolites using plant cell cultures. Plant cell and tissue cultures can be established routinely under sterile conditions from explants, such as plant leaves or stems. Jul 31, 2014 selection of cell lines for high yield of secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites production in bioreactors 7 production. In this chapter, the process for obtaining the secondary metabolites from plant cell cultures is represented as a multistage strategy, and each link should be described according to specifications of cell cultures or products. Plants are an important source of secondary metabolites that have been used throughout history as drugs, pesticides, pigments, flavors and fragrances. Once interesting compounds are identified from plant extracts, the first part of the work consists in collecting the largest genetic pool of plant individuals that produce the corresponding substances. However, only a few cultures produce these compounds in commercially useful. First of all the screening and selection of high producing cell lines and the. All that was known was that secondary plant metabolites were byproducts of the primary metabolism and were not crucial to the plant s survival. Production of useful secondary metabolites through regulation. Payne school of chemical engineering, olin hall, cornell university, ithaca, new york 14853. Thus, chemicals which are candidates for production by plant cell cultures have to be of high. Plant derived secondary metabolites are compounds that can be widely used in industry, medicine, food sciences etc.
In vitro secondary metabolite production in scoparia. Cell and organ cultures have a higher rate of metabolism than. Many of the molecules originating from secondary metabolism and described above are, regrettably, often present in small amounts within the cells. These molecules are known to play a major role in the adaptation of plants to their environment, but also represent an important source of active pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this project is to develop methods to produce ginkgolides and bilobalide compounds from root culture. The production of ginkgolides and bilobalide will be optimized in a pilot scale bioreactor. Production of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. The first commercial production of shikonin by cell culture using lithospermum erythrorhizone in 1983 has attracted the researchers at a global scenario.
Plant secondary metabolism produces products that aid in the growth and development of plants but are not required for the plant to survive. Microbial secondary metabolites production and strain. The degree of aggregation present in suspension cultures can be. Bioreactor considerations for secondary metabolite production from plant cell tissue culture. Various studies have shown that plant cell cultures, including both suspension cultures and hairy root cultures, have proven to be an extremely useful platform for production of secondary metabolites and further research needs to be performed to develop fast growing. In order to obtain high yields suitable for commercial exploitation. Cell culture for production of secondary metabolites. Indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus gregory f. Unique carbon skeleton structures are basic properties of plant secondary metabolites. Plant secondary metabolites in some medicinal plants of mongolia used for enhancing animal health and production h.
A selected list of biotransformations carried out in plant cell cultures is given in table 42. In such cases, strategies to improve the production of secondary metabolites must be considered. Shikonin, a natural dye, is produced by mitsui petrochemcal industries. The production of secondary metabolites by plant cell. Secondary metabolites often play an important role in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defenses. Guidelines for the production of secondary metabolites from plant cell. Early research only succeeded as far as categorizing the secondary plant metabolites but did not give real insight into the actual function of the secondary plant metabolites. Their production must thus be increased to make an indusmal process possible. Secondary metabolites produced by endophytes usually produce the enzymes necessary for the colonization of plant tissues. Specific secondary metabolites are often restricted to a narrow set of species within a phylogenetic group. Plant secondary metabolites play significant roles in plant environment interactions.
The production of secondary metabolites by plant cells cultivated. Advances and challenges on the in vitro production of secondary. However, the initial optimism for plant tissue culture production of secondary metabolites has been somewhat tempered by the observation that cultured plant cells. This book highlights recent developments in the in vitro growth of cultured plant cells and in the production of valuable secondary metabolites. Keywords hairy root cell suspension culture hairy root culture rosmarinic acid calcium alginate. Plants are a remarkable source of highvalue secondary metabolites with applications in various domains. Therefore, bioreactor design specific for plant cell is important for the production of secondary metabolites using cell culture techniques. Suspension cultures will be initiated from the established callus cultures in a liquid murashigeskoog media formulation supplemented with naa as proposed by carrier. Plant cell biotechnology for the production of secondary. Impact of abiotic elicitors on in vitro production of plant. Secondary metabolism produces a large number of specialized compounds estimated 200,000 that do not aid in the growth and development of plants but are required for the plant to survive in its environment. Based on the structure, plant cell bioreactor can mainly be divided as 5 types. Applications in industries biotechnological applications.
Strategies in enhancing secondary metabolites production in. Secondary metabolites of ginkgo biloba show great potential for future studies and production through biotechnology techniques such as cell culture and hairy root culture. Pdf production of secondary metabolites using plant cell cultures. The synthesis of phytochemicals by the cell cultures in contrast to these in plants is independent of environmental conditions and quality fluctuations. Studies on tocopherols production by cell suspension cultures are seldom and. Cell cultures may contribute in at least four major ways to the production of natural products. Products secondary metabolites from cell cultures plant cells cultured in vitro have been considered to potential source of specific secondary metabolites. Different strategies, using in vitro systems, have been extensively studied with the objective of improving the production of secondary plant compounds.
The boundary between primary and secondary metabolism is blurred. Different strategies, using an in vitro system, have been extensively studied to improve the production of plant chemicals. Pdf plant cell cultures represent a potential source of valuable secondary metabolites which can be used as food additives, nutraceuticals. Brodelius p, pedersen h 1993 increasing secondary metabolite production in plantcell culture by redirecting transport. Secondary metabolites, drugs, flavours, fragrances, biotechnology introduction plants possess capacity to synthesize different organic molecules called secondary metabolites. At the origin, pharmacognosists discover active principles from plants. Research journal of agricultural science, 46 1, 2014. Especially, plant cell and organ cultures are promising technologies to obtain plant specific valuable metabolites 5. Current approaches toward production of secondary plant. Especially, plant cell and organ cultures are promising technologies to obtain plantspecific valuable metabolites 5. Plant secondary metabolites play significant roles in plantenvironment interactions. Strategies for the improvement of secondary metabolite. Plant cell culture secondary metabolismtoward industrial. It is possible to increase the phenolic compounds and tocopherols by using cell suspensions.
One of the main problems encountered is the lack of basic knowledge of the biosynthetic routes, and mechanisms responsible for the production of plant metabolites. In addition, low growth rate as well as the difficulty in isolating a hyperproducing mutant line limited the number of largescale industrial production using plant cell culture technology shinmyo et al. These compounds are an extremely diverse group of natural products synthesized by plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and animals. The primary limitation of suspension culture for secondary metabolite production is that often the cells produce little of the secondary metabolites in the undifferentiated state. The methods employed for the separation and purification of secondary metabolites from cell cultures are the same as that used for plants. Plant cells are biosynthetically totipotent, which. The production of secondary metabolites by plant cell cultures.
The production of secondary metabolites from medicinal plants, also. Production of secondary metabolites linkedin slideshare. Strategies in enhancing secondary metabolites production. Realizing the economic potential of high demanding phytochemicals, cell culture technology has become increasingly significant for the production of secondary metabolites. To stretch the boundary of secondary metabolite production in. In general, secondary metabolites produced by plant cell cultures are rather in small amount but strains of cells producing thesame in greater amount than those found in the intact plants have been isolated by clonal selection. Plant secondary metabolites in some medicinal plants of. Smith 1984 examined the developmental potential of excised primordia 14 and expanding leaves 58 of c. Microbial secondary metabolites production and strain improvement. Production of secondary metabolites from plant cell. Bioreactor considerations for secondary metabolite production.
These techniques include production of secondary metabolites by biotechnological methods such as plant tissue culture and microbial biotransformation of natural. Plant secondary metabolites free educational notes. Most of investigated endophytes utilize xylan and pectin, show lipolytic activity and produce. Production of secondary metabolites from plant cell culture. To stretch the boundary of secondary metabolite production.
Elicited hypericum cell suspension cultures displayed reduced growth and viability and a modification of secondary metabolites production. Plant cell and tissue cultures hold great promise for controlled production of myriad of useful. Bioreactor considerations for secondary metabolite. Biotechnology for the production of plant secondary. Plant cell cultures are used extensively in studies of secondary metabolism, for the biosynthesis of pharmaceuticals, flavors, essences, and pigments. Commercial production of secondary metabolites using cell cultures. Biotechnological production of plant secondary metabolites.
Production of secondary metabolities in plant tissue cultures angelika filova department of plant physiology, slovak university of agriculture in nitra, tr. Plant cell and tissue culture as a source of secondary metabolites. Pdf production of secondary metabolites using plant cell. Plant cell cultures are poor producers of natural compounds secondary metabolites if they grow in an optimal environment. Applications in industries biotechnological applications of.
Plant cell culture systems represent a potential renewable source of valuable. The future for secondary products from plant tissue culture glossary bibliography biographical sketch summary the information presented in this article is organized to relate the diversity and potential of plant cell culture see also plant cell culture in production of secondary. Production of secondary metabolites by bioconversion genetic transformation for production of secondary metabolite. Still, the demonstration of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures and strategies to exploit their potential is valid constabel, 1990. Pdf production of plant secondary metabolites by using. Production of useful secondary metabolites through. Secondary metabolites are divided into three major groups plant secondary metabolites can be divided into three chemically distinct groups. A historical perspective article pdf available in plant science 1615. Studies on plant secondary metabolites have been increasing over the last 50 years. Plant cell cultures represent a potential source of valuable secondary metabolites which can be used as food additives, nutraceuticals, and. Impact of abiotic elicitors on in vitro production of. Studies on the production of some important secondary. Unlike primary metabolites, absence of secondary metabolites does not result in immediate death, but rather in a longterm impairment of the organisms survivability, fecundity, or aesthetics, or perhaps in no. Discoveries of cell cultures capable of producing specific medicinal compounds at a rate similar or superior to that of intact plants have accelerated in the last few years has been summarized in table 1.
Wang assistant professor department of forestry, nchu plant secondary metabolites secondary metabolites are those metabolites which are often produced in a phase of subsequent to growth, have no function in growth although they may have survival function, are produced by certain restricted. For the establishing of highproducing and fastgrowing cell lines, the parent plants should be selected. Abstract secondary metabolites of the fungal ash dieback pathogen hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus were investigated. Production of plant secondary metabolites by using. Secondary metabolites are not necessary for a cell organism to live, but. Plant secondary metabolites are possess several biological activities such as antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antiaging, etc. Plant cell and tissue culture as a source of secondary.
While this is acceptable from a biological point of view, biotechnology is expected to increase the production of these molecules. For some costly products it is feasible, but unfortunately some of the most interesting products are only in very small amounts or not all produced in plant cell cultures. Plant cells and tissue cultures hold great promise for controlled production of a myriad of useful secondary metabolites on demand. Isolation of secondary metabolites from marine algal. Based on their biosynthetic origins, plant natural products can be divided into three. Plant secondary metabolite is a generic term used for more than 30,000 different substances which are produced by plants. Coleus spp micropropagation and in vitro production of. Discoveries of cell cultures capable of producing specific medicinal compounds at a rate similar or superior to that of intact plants have accelerated in the last few years has been summarized in.
Biotechnological production of plant secondary metabolites modern techniques have been developed to overcome problems associated with the extraction of natural products from plants. The effects of cadmium chloride on secondary metabolite. It was demonstrated that most endophytes are able to utilize, at least invitro, most plant cell components. Secondary metabolism is connected to primary metabolism by using building blocks and biosynthetic enzymes derived from primary metabolism. Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by bacteria, fungi, or plants which are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism.
How to boost secondary metabolite production in plant cell cultures. Secondary metabolites associated with plant disease, plant defense and biocontrol. These molecules are known to play a major role in the adaptation of plants to their environment, but also. Plant cell cultures are an attractive alternative source to whole plant for the production of highvalue secondary metabolites ravishankar et al. Selection of cell lines for high yield of secondary metabolites. Plant cell culture technologies were introduced at the end of the 1960s as a possible tool for both studying and producing plant secondary metabolites. Review article research methods to study plant secondary. The economy of such a production is the major bottleneck. Commercialscale plant cell culture for the production of secondary metabolites has acquired much attention in japan. Introduction secondary metabolites are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development or reproduction of an organism. Plant cell and tissue cultures hold great promise for controlled production of myriad of useful secondary metabolites on demand. The main research programs for the production of secondary metabolites from plant cell cultures are represented in fig. Cell suspension culture is one of the most effective systems to produce secondary metabolites. Large scale cultivation of plant cells medium composition and effect of nutrients elicitor induced production of sec.
The production of plant secondary metabolites by means of largescale culture of plant cells in bioreactors is technically feasible. Improving production several strategies are being followed to improve yields of secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. Humans use secondary metabolites as medicines, flavourings, pigments, and recreational drugs. Sep 23, 2014 plant secondary metabolites are possess several biological activities such as antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antiaging, etc. Plant cell cultures represent a potential source of valuable secondary metabolites which can be used as food additives, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Berberine is sold exclusively in asia and can be produced commercially in a continuousflow bioreactor in which cells are retained by a membrane and. Secondary metabolites associated with plant disease, plant. When the compounds in the medium become exhausted and environmental conditions become limited, production of secondary metabolites commences in plant cell cultures berlin, 1986. Studies of hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, fraxinus excelsior and pseudomonas brassicacearum ma250. Strain improvement, methods for the selection of highproducing cell lines, and medium optimizations can lead to an enhancement in secondary metabolite production.
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